Revolution in Urban Mobility: The Emergence of 3-Wheeler EVs – By Mr. Kumar Ramamurthy, CEO, Baxi Mobility |

The Indian electric three-wheeler market is experiencing significant growth. According to the Society of Manufacturers of Electric Vehicles (SMEV), the segment is expected to see a growth of 40% from 2022 to 2023 due to supportive policies and rising consumer demand. With low upfront costs, minimal operating expenses and subsidies through the FAME-II scheme, electric three-wheelers have become the preferred option for last-mile delivery and urban mobility, especially in congested cities and underserved areas.

This growth is not limited to major metro areas; Electric three-wheelers are gaining popularity across India, from busy cities like Mumbai and Delhi to smaller towns where affordable and reliable public transportation is important.

India’s fast-growing instant commerce sector is flourishing with the adoption of electric three-wheelers (3W EVs). Major e-commerce players like Amazon, Flipkart and BigBasket, along with delivery platforms like Swiggy Instamart and Blinkit, are adding these electric vehicles to their fleets to meet the demand for faster deliveries. The advantage of 3W EVs is obvious: their compact size allows them to navigate narrow urban roads efficiently, enabling quick deliveries while cutting costs and emissions.

NITI Aayog’s 2024 report shows that last-mile delivery contributes to almost 50% of logistics costs in India. The transition to electric three-wheelers, along with a 60% reduction in carbon emissions compared to conventional internal combustion engine vehicles, could significantly reduce these costs. This shift is in line with India’s climate goals, while also reducing the environmental footprint of the booming instant commerce industry in urban areas.

Revolutionizing transportation in Tier-2 and Tier-3 cities with 3W EVs

While electric vehicles (EVs) are often associated with metro cities, electric three-wheelers are now reshaping transportation in India’s tier-2 and tier-3 cities as well. In cities like Gwalior, Aligarh and Hubli, electric three-wheelers are rapidly replacing traditional rickshaws, providing a cleaner, more reliable alternative to the daily commute. In cities where public transportation infrastructure is limited, 3W EVs provide an affordable and efficient option for residents.

Government initiatives at the regional level are driving this change. States like Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh have introduced subsidies and tax incentives, making it easier for drivers to adopt EVs. This support is paying off: A 2023 survey by India’s Transport Research Wing found that smaller cities with a strong presence of electric three-wheelers have seen an 8% improvement in air quality over the past two years.

The rise of electric three-wheelers is also stimulating local economic growth. As more drivers are switching to EVs, the demand for service centres, battery swapping stations and new jobs is increasing in semi-urban areas. Many small-town dealerships are reporting strong sales, while local battery manufacturers and charging infrastructure providers are taking advantage of new opportunities for expansion, supporting India’s transition to an electric vehicle ecosystem even in less populated areas. Is.

Addressing traffic congestion and pollution in metro cities

In India’s bustling metro areas, three-wheeler electric vehicles (EVs) are proving to be game-changers in tackling both traffic congestion and air pollution. Cities like Delhi, Mumbai and Bengaluru are plagued by high levels of vehicular emissions, with transport contributing 40% of Delhi’s air pollution. A 2023 report by the Center for Science and Environment (CSE) suggests that increasing the use of electric three-wheelers could reduce urban air pollution by up to 12% in major Indian cities.

Apart from reducing pollution, three-wheeler EVs help reduce traffic congestion in densely populated areas. Unlike traditional four-wheel delivery trucks and vans, which often contribute to gridlock, three-wheel electric vehicles can easily navigate narrow roads and congested streets, helping to clear traffic and optimize urban space. Get help. Many cities are also considering the implementation of dedicated lanes for EVs, which will further streamline traffic flow.

The shift to electric three-wheelers supports national initiatives aimed at improving urban air quality. For example, the Delhi government has launched the “Switch Delhi” campaign to electrify auto rickshaws as part of its clean air strategy. Similarly, Maharashtra’s EV policy provides incentives including purchase subsidy to encourage the adoption of three-wheelers and urges fleet owners to transition to electric vehicles by 2025.

Electric three-wheelers (3W EVs) are becoming an increasingly popular and eco-friendly transportation option in pilgrimage centers and tourist destinations in India. With an increasing focus on sustainable travel and reducing carbon emissions, these vehicles provide an efficient option for both locals and tourists. Their compact design makes them perfect for moving in congested areas, and their operating costs are significantly lower than traditional fossil-fuel-powered vehicles. As India moves towards green mobility solutions, 3W EVs are helping to create eco-friendly travel experiences, improve accessibility and encourage responsible tourism in some of the most iconic locations in the country.

Battery-swapping technology: enabling 24/7 operation

While battery life and charging infrastructure remain challenges to widespread adoption of electric vehicles, 3W EVs in India are benefiting from emerging battery-swapping technology. This innovation allows drivers to quickly replace fully charged batteries at designated stations, significantly reducing downtime. Companies like SUN Mobility and Battery Smart have launched battery-swapping stations in cities like Delhi, Mumbai and Bengaluru, where drivers can swap batteries in under five minutes.

The battery-swapping model is especially beneficial for three-wheeler EV drivers, who often work long hours. With the ability to quickly “refuel,” they can work almost around the clock, increasing productivity and earning potential. Additionally, the Battery-as-a-Service (BaaS) model eliminates the need for drivers to invest in expensive batteries, making 3W EVs a more affordable option for many.

While the advantages of 3W EVs in India are clear, their development faces several challenges. A significant hurdle is the limited charging infrastructure in rural and small urban areas. While battery swapping offers a viable solution in metro cities, many smaller cities lack both charging and swapping stations, which could slow down the widespread adoption of 3W EVs outside major urban centres.

To tackle this issue, the Indian government, along with private sector stakeholders, is working to expand charging infrastructure across the country. The Ministry of Heavy Industries has earmarked significant funds for setting up charging stations, especially on major national highways, with the goal of ensuring widespread access by 2025.

Another challenge is affordability. Despite government subsidies, the initial cost of 3W EVs remains a barrier for some drivers. Introducing innovative financing options such as low-interest loans for EVs can help make these vehicles more accessible to drivers in tier-2 and tier-3 cities.

The rise of 3W EVs in India is creating undeniable momentum. From transforming instant commerce in metro cities to offering essential transportation in semi-urban areas and tourist destinations, electric three-wheelers are revolutionizing the movement of people and goods across the country. With ongoing policy support, advances in battery-swapping technology and growing public awareness, India’s urban landscape is poised for a transportation revolution.

3W EVs not only symbolize India’s shift towards sustainable mobility, but also reflect the country’s dedication to a more inclusive, accessible and eco-conscious future. As these electric vehicles populate India’s roads, they are paving the way for cleaner cities, empowered drivers and a healthier planet.